EMQ 2. Theme: structures formed from biological molecules

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From the biological molecules below, identify the major components of each of the structures described in the list.

A Protein
B Phospholipid and protein
C RNA and protein
D DNA, RNA and protein

1. Complex IV of the electron transport chain.
Your Answer:
Answer; A, protein. Complex IV is an integral membrane protein complex of the inner mitochondrial membrane. See book page 196.
2. Golgi apparatus.
Your Answer:
Answer: B, phospholipid and protein. The Golgi apparatus comprises a stack of flattened cisternae each bound by a single membrane of phospholipid plus other lipids and integral membrane proteins. In the interior are the enzymes that perform post-translational modification of proteins, which are themselves proteins. See book pages 50 and 165.
3. Lysosome
Your Answer:
Answer: B, phospholipid and protein. The lysosome is an organelle bound by a single membrane of phospholipid plus other lipids and integral membrane proteins. In the interior are hydrolytic enzymes, which are proteins. See book page 50.
4. Nuclear pore complex.
Your Answer:
Answer: A, protein. The nuclear pore complex is a multiprotein complex. See book page 159.
5. Proteasome
Your Answer:
Answer; A, protein. The proteasome is a biological enzyme complex made entirely of protein units. See book page 133.
6. Ribosome
Your Answer:
Answer: C, RNA and protein. Although a machine for carrying out complex catalytic processes, the ribosome is only partly built of protein. Several critical components, including peptidyl transferase, are RNA. See book page 124 and In Depth 8.2 on book page 130.
7. Spliceosome
Your Answer:
Answer: C, RNA and protein. The spliceosome comprises several small nuclear RNAs complexed with a number of proteins. See book page 91.
8. Transcription bubble
Your Answer:
Answer: D, DNA, RNA and protein. RNA polymerase, a protein, travels along the DNA double helix and synthesizes RNA. See book page 83.
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